『壹』 小学英语有哪些语法
小学英语语法总结
一、there be句型:表示存在,即:“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为:There is(are)+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词/复数+时间或地点。如:
1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.
2. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.
二、 to be句型:用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等,描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等:
1. Who’s your English teacher? Miss White.
2. Is she quiet? No, she isn’t. She is very active.
三、 一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词,如:usually often sometimes never always等。如:
1. What do you have on Thursdays?
We have English, math and science on Thursdays.
2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.
3. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.
4 Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football.
四、现在进行时句型:表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是:now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为:be动词(am, is, are)+动词现在分词(v. ing)。如:
1. What are you doing? I’m doing the dishes.
2. Is she counting insects? No, she isn’t.
五、 一般过去时句型:表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为:主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是:yesterday, last week , last year 等,在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。如:
1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.
2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.
此外,一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如:
What would you like for lunch? I’d like some…
六、 情态动词can引导的句型:表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如:
1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor.
2. I can water the flowers.
3. How can I get to the People’s Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.
七、 将来时:我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和be going to句型,主要以be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构:am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有:tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend next…be going to
1. What are you going to do this weekend?
I am going to visit my parents.
2. When is she going to Paris? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.
『贰』 如何有效地进行小学英语语法教学
很多人认为我们从未特意学习过语法,却一样把中文说得自如、流畅,所以学英语也不用专门学习语法。殊不知,中文是我们的母语,接触和使用的机会很多,可以自然形成语感和习得语言,不必专门学习语法。而英语就不一样,学生缺乏习得英语的语言环境,如果不了解该语言的内部规则,终究会影响学生运用英语的能力。所以说,掌握系统的语法知识,才能提高英语的学习效率。
作为小学英语教师,如何才能保持孩子学习英语的兴趣,又让其掌握一定量的枯燥的语法知识呢?
一、情理无痕交汇,生动呈现语法
这里的“情”是指语言学习的情景,“理”则指语法规则。就语法教学而言有两种方式:一种是在教学中直接谈论语法规则,语法教学目的直接明显,称为显形语法教学;另一种在教学中避免直接谈论所学的语法规则,主要通过情景让学生体验语言,通过对语言的交际性运用归纳出语法规则,称为隐性语法教学。显然,对于以形象思维为主的小学生,采用隐性语法教学更为合适。在小学阶段,学生刚接触英语,语言积累和储备不够丰富,不能以讲解的形式向学生灌输语法知识,因此创设情境,在情境中不断重复呈现相关语言,给学生大量的相同结构的语言输入,是帮助学生感知语法结构,形成语法意识的最佳途径。
情景可根据语法内容的不同而精心设置。
(一) 以旧带新,做好铺垫
语法教学中,教师不要直奔主题,急于求成。应注意激活学生的元认知,将学生原有的知识激活,从学生已具备的语法能力人手,找到最近的切入点,把新授的语法项目巧妙地融入语言活动中,并进行从旧知到新授,从简单到复杂的层层铺垫,让学生在语言活动中不知不觉地学习语法。
如:在教学第三人称单数的一般疑问句: Does she/he like…?及其回答时,教师首先可以从复习Do you like…?入手。教师通过对话,复习并掌握这一句型。当学生们对这一知识点已能熟练运用时,教师就顺势转换人称询问,T: Boys and girls, does Jiang Yingying like…?教师再引导学生回答“Yes, she does.”或“No, she doesn’t.”这样由学生熟悉的第一人称、第二人称转换到第三人称,将新旧知识按照一定的逻辑有机结合起来,活化了语法教学。
(二)游戏引入,激发兴趣
小学生的年龄特点是以形象思维为主,而语法知识则是抽象的、枯燥的,这不符合儿童的心理特点。因此,在小学英语语法教学中必须化抽象为具体,把某一知识点具体为学生既熟悉又感兴趣的素材。在游戏活动中呈现语法知识。
例如:在教学副词fast, ,slow的比较级时,我告诉大家“Today let’s have some running races.”同学们一听,在英语课上进行跑步比赛,兴趣来了,个个都跃跃欲试。比赛结束后,我适时引出今天比较级的新授内容:Cheng Xiang runs faster than Zhou Ruyi. Zhou Ruyi runs slower than Cheng Xiang.简简单单的一个比赛,用时不多,却吸引了学生的注意力,语法知识在一种隐性的状态下传递给了学生。这样一定比让学生单纯地背语法规则要强得多。
(三)借助现代媒体,化难为易
有些不易呈现的情景在现代媒体的帮助下突破了时间和空间限制,通过场景的快速切换,有效地调动和控制学生的注意力,化难为易。在教学6A第三单元,这是学生第一次接触一般过去时,如何化解这一难点。教师首先利用多媒体出示了一张图片,学生观察后, T: Where’s the lamp? S: It’s on the desk. T: Where’re the earphones? S: They’re on the sofa.点击鼠标,台灯消失。T: Where’s the lamp now? Is it on the desk? Ss: No. T: But it was there just now. 点击鼠标,耳机消失。T: Where are the earphones now?Are they on the sofa? Ss:No. T: But they’were there a moment ago. 这样,借助媒体,通过观察、对话,有效地帮助学生初步感知了be动词一般过去时的用法。
二、预设语法形式,操练实践语言
在教师刚开始介绍了某一种语法规则或现象后,有必要进行一些简单的、重复率较高的练习,让学生将学到的新知识经过一个替换的过程添加到自己的知识库中。因此运用预制语块建立框架,基本句型结构反复使用、反复操练,通过大量的语言实践,达到不假思索脱口而出的地步。
如:教学Whose gloves are they? They’re my sister’s时,教师设置了寻找失主的语言环境,在这个情景中,学生不断地操练句型。已具有初步概括能力的小学生很容易从这个语块中推断出gloves是可以替换部分,Whose … are they?是充当的框架,可以用这个框架询问对方这是谁的东西。学生可以用这个框架生成很多句子。在多次的练习中学生也自然获得了语法形式能力。
三、积极引导学生,自主总结语法规则
陶行知先生说过:“先生的责任不在于教,而在于教学生学。”在语法教学中,虽然教师的讲解是必不可少的,但这并不意味着语法课就是教师满堂灌得过程。课堂上,我们不仅要让学生“学会”英语知识,更重要的是“会学”英语知识。小学阶段出现的语法知识一般来说都比较简单,只要教师引导得法,通过大量的有效的语言信息输入,使学生在自然、丰富的语言环境中自主讨论,他们完全有能力自主归纳出语法规则。
例如:在教学一般将来时be going to do 的用法时,教师先示范本周末的计划I’m going to have a picnic. 转而要求学生说说自己的周末计划,在这个过程中学生大量练习be going to do 的句型结构。最后以填空的形式出示一份Nancy一家的周末计划书,Hello, I’m Nancy. The weekend is coming. I to pick apples on the farm. My brother
to make a model ship. My parents to cook nice food for us. 我要求学生以group work 的形式自由讨论出答案,并总结一般现在时的句型结构。由于有了以前三种时态的学习经验,以及刚才教师的示范和学生的大量练习的基础,同学们讨论热烈,很快找到了答案和结论,随后教师作适当的补充。就这样,一个难点就在学生们积极参与思考,自主探索及归纳规则中化解了。而且给学生的印象特别深刻。
教学的过程是我们实践的过程,也是我们进行探索前进的过程。我们在实践中应结合自身的经验,不断地去改进自己的教学方式。就语法而言,只要我们关注小学生的特点,创造生动有趣、重在实践的语法教学模式,一定能收到良好的教学效果。
『叁』 小学英语语法
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do;
②will+ do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going
to bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、 句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
Be动词的过去时练习(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、 中译英
1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
___________________________________________________________
2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________
3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
___________________________________________________________
太多了,自己去整理吧
『肆』 小学英语语法该怎样教学呢
五年级之前:
1 动词只有两个大点:have和be。
2 人称代词的用法。
3 一些简单的交际用语版。
我认为小学权英语应该以“听说读”带动“写”,再到语法知识理性的讲解和应用,这是一个从感性知识到理性知识的缓慢转变。孩子通过背诵一些常用的句子达到对语法知识的巩固和小结,这样的结果会比较牢靠且不易忘记。实际上是孩子自己慢慢的通过实践在总结,毕竟,小学阶段的说比写要容易一点。
五年级之后:由于产生新的词汇和句式,单纯的先说再讲的方法就不够用了。老师应适当的给学生总结一些句型,并以笔记的方式保留,以方便记忆和积累资料。
总之,语法是一个缓慢的过程,把握好孩子的学习程度或理解力循序渐进很重要,希望会对你有用,有助于你找到自己的方法。