A. 剑桥版JOIN IN 1四年级UNIT 1 NUMBERS 集体备课教案
How New York Became America’ Largest City
In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How can the change in its size and importance be explained?
To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history, and economics. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America’s most famous city.
The map of the Northeast shows that the four areas with the largest populations in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States, and the procts of the land are sent there for export across the sea.
We know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great instrial centers.
About 1815, when many Americans from the east had already moved toward the west, transportation routes from the seaports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, usually draw by horses, were too expensive for moving
heavy freight very far. ①In New York a canal seemed the best answer to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was built. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.
The canal proced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast.
The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.
Exports from New York were greater than imports. ②As a result, shipping companies made every effort to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. And so passenger could come from Europe very cheaply.
Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city. For these great numbers of new Americans New York had to provide homes, goods and other things. Their labor helped the city become grea
B. 谁有四年级数学集体备课记录{一篇}：复制、自己写的也可以。
四年级组数学集体备课方案的讨论记录
讨论人: 崔玥 王雪琪 王康妮
记录人： 崔玥王康妮
总结人： 崔玥
一、就集体备课的认识和感触：
我们都是初步接触集体备课，难免存在着一些问题和困惑，但随着工作的完善，我想，那将会成为提高我们教师业务成长的有效策略。
首先，集体备课可以节省教师很多的时间，减轻了教师备课的压力，可以提高教学效果。以往，教师独立备课，有时会出现知识错误和思路狭窄，而且，花的时间多，任务重，压力大。集体备课与教师独立备课相比较，大大地缩短了教师用于备课的时间，减轻了教师忙于备课的压力，使教师能充分准备教学资源，有足够的时间去反思、创新课堂教学，拥有充沛旺盛的课堂教学精力，使教学效果更是显著。
其次，集体备课使教师能资源共享，提高教学的质量，不断地提高教师的教学水平。集体研讨、教后反思的过程，既有利于教师的扬长避短，更有利于教师在高起点上发展。
再次，教师集体备课能很好地落实新课称改要求，体现了“合作、探究、创新”和以人为本的精神，促进了教学相长，大力整合学校各科的教师资源，使教科研的氛围在集体参与的行动与反思中逐步浓厚，使教学效果更显著。
二、根据集体备课方案提出几个切实的问题。
1、我们在集体备课前应做什么准备？
2、我们备课是为谁而备？
3、集体备课的终级目标是什么？
讨论得出的答案：
1、备教具：多媒体课件
2、备教学流程
（1）创设情景、复习导入
（2）学习新课
（3）拓展引伸
（4）板书设计
三、根据集体备课需要做的具体工作讨论记录如下：
1、每一位教师在集体备课中都应当积极参与讨论，发表自己的独到见解，集思广益。
2、每一位教师在集体备课的基础上，要根据自己的教学风格、不同的教学对象，自己对教学理论、教学方法、教学内容的理解，在集体备课的基础上，各人可依据本班实际情况做适当调整，进行二次备课，使教案具有个性化特征。
3、自己可以在集体备课后的教案上认为主要的对方要有圈点、修改、补充、拓展和教后反思等记录 ；
四、通过讨论，确定本组教师在集体备课中尽量要做到以下几点：
1、开展好每一次的集体备课讨论会，任何人不得随意请假或无故缺席，集体备课如与学校其他活动安排相冲突，集体备课时间由备课组长另作安排，改期进行。
2、每次集体备课备课组要作好考勤记载，按要求填写好记载表。
3、集体备课中，各教师要积极参与，热烈讨论，集思广益，加强交流，合作共进，充分发挥集体智慧的作用。
4、集体备课活动原则上每两周进行一次，语、数具体活动时间为星星期二下午16：00开始进行。每次备好教案后，必须先交学科组长审阅合格后签字，再经交教研负责人审查合格签字，交教导处加盖公章备案后方可使用。
5、每一次完成本课（或节或单元）的教学内容后，备课组长应安排统一的时间对这部分的教学内容进行统一监测，要求本组教师精心组织，阅卷后教师要对本班的试卷进行质量分析，如果某些知识点只有个别班级没有落实，则自行解决，如果是大部分班级的问题，备课组长应组织本组教师再次讨论，研究解决的方案（可补充一至二节课，组织专题，进行强化训练）。
总之，集体备课能够为教师提供快速、准确、互动、有效的教学方案。确保了学生的主体地位和全面发展，为教师间的互助、合作、交流提供了良好的平台，为教师高效教学提供了有力的保证，是教师贯彻实施新课标的良好途径。
集体备课即是集思广益，也是集中集体智慧，对某个单元、某篇课文及学生实际特点的剖析，掌握知识的重点、难点，掌握学生的生活实际。选择良好的教法，因材施教，让学生获得全面发展。通过对上学期集体备课的活动，让我们都受益匪浅，今后在我校的教研活动中，集体备课这一活动我也要大力提倡教师们开展，借鉴优秀学校的经验，结合自己学校和班级的实际情况，让老师们在集体备课这一活动中获得教学经验，以提升自己的教学水平。